In 2020, despite all pandemic-related difficulties, 6.9 million people vacationed in Crimea. [52], The nearby Dnieper River is a major waterway and transportation route that crosses the European continent from north to south and ultimately links the Black Sea with the Baltic Sea, of strategic importance since the historical trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. Russia eventually lost and ceded its claim to the peninsula, but not before the cities and villages of Crimea were ravaged. June 18, 2020. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. The main agricultural products of Crimea are cereals, vegetables, and wine. To illustrate, the US' Boeing has broadened its titanium supply chain since 2014, when Russia was sanctioned for its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, however, it is still heavily reliant on Russia's VSMPO-AVISMA -- world's largest manufacturer of titanium -- for the supply of the metal. The Prykerchenska zone holds about 321.2 bcm of gas and 126.8 million. Iron ore reserves Marc has a Master's degree in environmental planning from the University of California, Berkeley, and an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Austin. Ukraine Natural Resources: Ukraine has numerous metal resources of iron ore, manganese, titanium, magnesium, nickel and mercury. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? At the east end of the 90km (56mi) Kerch Peninsula is Kerch/Panticapaeum, once the capital of the Bosporian Kingdom. [49] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains. [91] This is down from the 2001 Ukrainian Census figure, which was 2,376,000 (Autonomous Republic of Crimea: 2,033,700, Sevastopol: 342,451). After the Soviets regained control in 1944, they deported the Crimean Tartars and several other nationalities to elsewhere in the USSR. Between 1925 and 1969 the camp hosted 300,000 children. Important industrial cities include Dzhankoi, housing a major railway connection, Krasnoperekopsk and Armiansk, among others. The number of Crimea Germans was 60,000 in 1939. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. [74] The trolleybus line starts near Simferopol's Railway Station (in Soviet times it started near Simferopol International Airport) through the mountains to Alushta and on to Yalta. About 50% of fluxed limestone, 30% of iron ore, and 25% of soda out of the total reserves of Ukraine are contained in this territory. South: In the south, between the Crimean Mountains and the sea runs a narrow coastal strip which was held by the Genoese and (after 1475) by the Turks. Yet, these enormous reserves of energy remain largely untapped. Russian invasion of Ukraine means the former will rein in the exports, which will create food security issues as Ukraine is one of the largest distributors of wheat and corn. By annexing Ukrainian land on the Black Sea coast, Putin also annexes the rights to any hydrocarbons found in its maritime zones. Over 50 per cent of Ukraine's annual corn and wheat shipments head to Africa or the Middle East. [Censuses in Crimean Federal District], " " [Tables with the results of the Federal Statistical observation "Census in the Crimean Federal District"], Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Transport Workers' Federation, International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis, Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate), Russia currently being suspended from all international athletic competitions, 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic, The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland: Studies and Documents, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire", "The Eye of the Whirlwind: Belarus and Ukraine", "Russia puts military on high alert as Crimea protests leave one man dead", "Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea", The Crimea Crisis An International Law Perspective, "UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity", "Three canyons trekking (Chernorechensky Canyon, Uzunja Canyon and Grand Crimean Canyon). [48] The northern parts of Crimea have a moderate continental climate with short but cold winters and moderately hot dry summers. Apart from natural gas, Ukraine abounds with minerals such as iron, coal, titanium, and other non-metallic raw materials. Given its long history and many conquerors, most towns in Crimea have several names. In response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea, 100 members of the UN passed UNGA resolution 68/262, rejecting the "referendum" as baseless and invalid and confirming the sovereignty, political independence, unity, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. Putin has also spoken of Crimea's historic links to Russia and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. Crimea is a peninsula that protrudes straight into the Black Sea. wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber, note, formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources Land use agricultural land: 13.1% (2018 est.) [89], Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. The German Chancellor has stopped certifying Nord Stream II in view of Russia's aggression. The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character. However, no mining work is happening in the area currently. Alexander Pushkin visited Bakhchysarai in 1820 and later wrote the poem The Fountain of Bakhchisaray. Much of the country's corn and wheat are destined for Africa and West Asia, which are heavily reliant on imports for food items. Rich iron ore reserves located in the vicinity of Kryvyy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron-and-steel industry. Moscow's Crimea annexation is a double whammy against Ukrainian energy security - blocking Kiev's access to Black Sea oil and gas while extending Mr. Putin's energy dominance in Europe. Page 73, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. Germany is also a big consumer of Russia's natural gas. Until 2014 the network was part of the Cisdneper Directorate of the Ukrainian Railways. However, Ukraine's current government wants to not only join NATO but also be a part of the European Union (EU). Furthermore, the natural gas that Russia sends to Europe travels largely through pipelines that snake across the Ukrainian landscape. See the, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. Marc Lallanilla has been a science writer and health editor at About.com and a producer with ABCNews.com. The development of the transport networks brought masses of tourists from central parts of the Russian Empire. Life expectancy in the Republic of Crimea, Life expectancy in Crimea and neighboring regions, In 2013, Orthodox Christians made up 58% of the Crimean population, followed by Muslims (15%) and believers in God without religion (10%). Here are just a few: 1. [61], Agriculture in the region includes cereals, vegetable-growing, gardening, and wine-making, particularly in the Yalta and Massandra regions. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. Putin's priority was this substantive population as Russia is the largest nation in the world and has large natural resources. ), NPO Saturn with Perm PMZ; either GTD-110M modified or GTE-160 or 180 units or UTZ KTZ or a V94.2 bought by MAPNA, modified in Russian plants for PGU Thermal plants specifics. In 2021, India imported coal to meet its domestic coal shortage and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that supply chain is going to get impacted. The Black Sea sits at an important economic and civilizational crossroads on the Eurasian landmass. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991 most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Republic of Crimea,[27][28] although in 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea established firmly under Ukrainian authority. At the head of Sevastopol Bay stands Inkermann/Kalamita. It has vast offshore oil and gas resources in the Black Sea, estimated between 4-13 trillion cm of natural gas. The point that the US is aiming to make is to stop Russia from dominating Europe through energy dependence and what US Secretary of State Antony Blinken termed "weaponising heat" by controlling gas during winter months when Europe needs Russia to stay warm. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. It comprises the main peninsula and a smaller peninsula known as the Kerch Peninsula. Crimea's strategic position led to the 1854 Crimean War and many short lived regimes following the 1917 Russian Revolution. [92], According to the 2014 Russian census, 84% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 7.9% Crimean Tatar; 3.7% Tatar; and 3.3% Ukrainian. When did Democrats and Republicans switch platforms? Alushta Embankment. But these numbers included Berdyansky, Dneprovsky and Melitopolsky uyezds which were on mainland, not in Crimea. Ukraine's major resources Russian-controlled areas since Feb. 24 Russia-annexed (Crimea) or separatist-controlled (Donbas) areas since 2014 Coal Metals 100 MILES Crimea Crimea Natural gas. For decades, a Soviet-era canal brought Crimea 85 percent of its freshwater from rivers on the Ukrainian mainland. These substances are used in numerous fields of activity, and their importance is especially great in the construction industry. However, Gazprom's Nord Stream II pipeline which goes through the Baltic Sea might have hit a major roadblock with the Russian President Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine. It is here that the development of natural gas resources could help revitalize energy-intensive industries as well as develop new sectors such as hydrogen production which align with global emission reduction targets. Russia is opposed to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in its backyard, a position which is non-negotiable. Karasu-Bazar/Bilohorsk was a commercial center. ", "About number and composition population of Autonomous Republic of Crimea by data All-Ukrainian population census", "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian Population Census 2001", The Deportation and Destruction of the German Minority in the USSR, On Germans Living on the Territory of the Ukrainian SSR, The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union, "Public Opinion Survey Residents of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea", Russia seeks to crush Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Crimea for helping resist Russification, , , The Ukrainian Church of the Moscow Patriarchate demanded the return of the Crimea, "Eurovision 2016: Ukraine's Jamala wins with politically charged 1944", "UEFA-backed league starts play in Crimea", "Ukrainian Sport Minister urges Federations not to let athletes switch to Russia without serving qualifying period", 14 Russians bid to take part in IAAF World Championships, Lists of Crimean Tartar villages emptied in the May 1944 deportations, and most of them renamed in Russian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimea&oldid=1142337575, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Crimean Tatar-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from October 2022, All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, (under construction) Tavrida highway (route Yevpatoria-) Sevastopol Simferopol (SW to W N to East ring) Bilohirsk, P59 (completely within the city of Sevastopol), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 21:17. [The 10 Epic Battles That Changed History]. [108] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 60% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[107]. "If there is a conflict, as the minority, we will be the first to suffer," Usein Sarano, a Crimean Tatar, told Reuters. [94] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. All are natural resources that play critical roles in the clean energy technology essential to the shift away from fossil fuels that scientists say is necessary to ward off the worst consequences . The classical name for Crimea, Tauris or Taurica, is from the Greek (Taurik), after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. Also Read:Russia-Ukraine war: Here's how the crisis unfolded -- a timeline. Industrial plants are situated for the most part in the southern coast (Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Kerch) regions of the republic, few northern (Armiansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Dzhankoi), aside from the central area, mainly Simferopol okrug and eastern region in Nizhnegorsk (few plants, same for Dzhankoj) city. For the strategy to work, the Crimean peninsula was of strategic importance. Ukrainian territory occupied by Russia since 2014, May 2015 satellite image of the Crimean Peninsula, "Crimea river" redirects here. [38] The Alma and the Kacha are the second- and third-longest rivers. The resources of the region can ultimately add further steam to the Russian economy, which in 2021 looked to fuel, energy and steel for 65% of its exports. Minerals are valuable natural resources that are mineral or organic parts of the earth's crust. While these colossal gas reserves remain unexploited, the country is still important for gas transport from Russia to Europe. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. The 1879 census for the Taurida Governorate reported a Jewish population of 4.20%, not including a Karaite population of 0.43%. For industrial purposes inside the peninsula and beyond, the needs of the population were almost completely covered by their own reserves. The article studies the role of energy resources in the annexation of Crimea by the Russian government. 2. At the northeast point of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Don River were Tanais, Azak/Azov and now Rostov-on-Don. Boeing, in a statement on January 31, said that the tensions over Ukraine create an "adverse climate" for its business. [57] According to the Russian administration of Crimea, they dropped to 3.8million in 2014,[58] and rebounded to 5.6million by 2016. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. Points of Interest & Landmarks Churches & Cathedrals. The shorter Chornaya flows west to Sevastopol Bay. Suggestions argued in various sources include: Other suggestions either unsupported or contradicted by sources, apparently based on similarity in sound, include: The spelling "Crimea" is the Italian form, i.e., la Crimea, since at least the 17th century[17] and the "Crimean peninsula" becomes current during the 18th century, gradually replacing the classical name of Tauric Peninsula in the course of the 19th century. [78], In the 1990s, Crimea became more of a get-away destination than a "health-improvement" destination. Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . Over 50 years, the problems of water resources in Crimea were solved by using Dnieper water supplied through North-Crimean Canal; however, after the integration of Crimea into Russia, Ukraine suspended water supply. [48] Because of its climate and subsidized travel-packages from Russian state-run companies, the southern coast has remained a popular resort for Russian tourists. Photo: NASA, Public domain. The flow of holidaymakers dropped 35 percent in the first half of 2014 over the same period of 2013. resource - available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed. Reports of explosions in Bakhchysarai, occupied Crimea. Noun. The primary source of hydrocarbons in Ukraine is natural gas, though the most lucrative gas reserves are located below 5,000 meters. The Krymchaks (but not the Karaites) were targeted for annihilation during Nazi occupation. And Crimea which rests about 200 miles (322 km) northwest of Sochi, Russia enjoys the same mild, year-round climate as the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics. This power production is set to be bolstered by the building of and near start up of two combined cycle gas steam turbo thermal plants PGU, both providing 470 MW (116 167 MW GT, 235 MW block), a build (plant) by TPE along others with turbines provided by Power Machines (UTZ KalugaTZ? mineral resources - natural resources in the form of minerals. The text proclaims the Republic of Crimea is a democratic, legal state within the Russian Federation and an equal subject of the Russian Federation. [109][110][111] This was part of the 800,000 Germans in Russia who were relocated within the Soviet Union during Stalinist times. [48] In winter these winds bring in cold, dry continental air, while in summer they bring in dry and hot weather. It was colonized by the ancient Greeks beginning in the seventh century BCE along with other areas of the northern Black Sea coast. In the medieval period, it was partially conquered by Kievan Rus' whose prince was baptized at Sevastopol starting the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. A natural resource might be any natural substance that humans utilise. 16.02.2021 12:24. Crimea[a] (/krami/ (listen) kry-MEE-) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. The political system has become increasingly personalised, leading to the question of whether it can survive beyond Putin himself. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not infinite, which means Russia has to scout additional sources of natural gases to tap. [42] Lake Syvash (Sva or ) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560km2 (988sqmi). Geographers generally divide the peninsula into three zones: the steppe, the Crimean Mountains, and the Southern Coast. Lithium chemicals are the main component of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Simferopol, Yalta and Alushta also have an urban and suburban trolleybus network. Catherine the Great's incorporation of the Crimea in 1783 into the Russian Empire increased Russia's power in the Black Sea area. Such trading will bolster the DPR's revenues to continue fighting and increase Russia's access to natural resources at the expense of Ukraine's economic health and legitimate operations in the oil and gas sector (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 2021; Intelligence Fusion, 2021; AFP, 2020; Yermolenko and Panchenko, 2021). The most visited areas are the south shore of Crimea with cities of Yalta and Alushta, the western shore Yevpatoria and Saky, and the south-eastern shore Feodosia and Sudak. [63] Scelioninae and Tachinidae are important parasitoids of sunnpest. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. But propaganda aside, perhaps the answer is more simple: oil and gas. Natural resources can be defined as the resources that exist (on the planet) independent of human actions. In 1921 the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. For Russia, the Black Sea is of particular importance for economic and geostrategic reasons. Russia has designs on Ukraine's natural gas pipelines. As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. At the aggravation of political situation between Russia and Ukraine, the . The Crimean Peninsula, located on the Black Sea, has been an important strategic area for thousands of years. natural resource, any biological, mineral, or aesthetic asset afforded by nature without human intervention that can be used for some form of benefit, whether material (economic) or immaterial. "We are scared for our families, for our children.". Further development plans consist a bypass line between Simferopol and Kerch, and a complete electrification of the network with changing the voltage of the already electrified lines from 3 kV DC to 25 kV 50Hz AC. As it happens, Crimea's oil and gas resources could be significant. The country's geostrategic position has rendered it susceptible to the ongoing larger conflict between Russia and the West. There also is the gas thermal Saky plant located close to Jodobrom chemical plant and SaKhZ(SaChP) boosted production with Perm GTE GTU25P (PS90GP25 25 MW aeroderivative GP) PGU turbogenerators. Some clubs registered to join the Russian leagues but the Football Federation of Ukraine objected. Follow us @livescience, Facebook & Google+. The Crimean Premier League is now the top professional football league in Crimea. Crimea (/ k r a m i / kry-MEE-) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014.It has a population of 2.4 million. During its heyday, 27,000 children a year vacationed at Artek. Dnipropetrovsk and the Russian-Ukrainian War (E-International Relations, 2022). For example, the number of jobs since the start of the occupation fell down by 25%. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). Behind it is the Syvash or "Putrid Sea", a system of lakes and marshes which in the far north extend west to the Perekop Isthmus. It's the leading nation when it comes to reserves of titanium, iron and non-metallic raw materials. This "riviera" stretches along the southeast coast from capes Fiolent and Aya, in the south, to Feodosia. Fishing, mining, and the production of essential oils are also important. The loss of jurisdiction over Crimea, whose significant offshore gas resources are no longer accessible to Ukraine, means natural gas reserve . There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. However, Ukraine, which has the US' support, can thrive and capitalise on its natural resources. The largest of them is Lake Sasyk () on the southwest coast; others include Aqtas, Koyashskoye, Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe, and Donuzlav. 1. Why is that? [48], Mean annual temperatures range from 10C (50.0F) in the far north (Armiansk) to 13C (55.4F) in the far south (Yalta). Crimea has been a part of Ukraine since 1954, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev "gave" it to Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Russia's reasons for exerting pressure on its smaller neighbor are deeply rooted in economics, history and culture. There are signs the Black Sea contains a lot of wealth. The structure of hydrocarbons production in Ukraine is as follows: natural gas 89 percent, oil 7.9 percent, and gas condensate 3.1 percent. Cape Fiolent. Ukrainian geologists note that Crimea is very rich in natural resources. But the semiarid climate that makes Crimea such a popular tourist destination also makes the peninsula largely dependent on Ukraine for water, as well as about 70 percent of its food, according to Slate. This is around four per cent of Ukraine's GDP (Gross Domestic Product). [48], Precipitation in Crimea varies significantly based on location; it ranges from 310 millimetres (12.2in) in Chornomorske to 1,220 millimetres (48.0in) at the highest altitudes in the Crimean mountains. Mangup/Doros (Gothic, Theodoro). Crimea was the background for Adam Mickiewicz's seminal work, The Crimean Sonnets inspired by his 1825 travel. Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. The cities of Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch, Sevastopol, Chornomorske and Yevpatoria are connected to one another by sea routes. * Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! A series of 18 sonnets constitute an artistic telling of a journey to and through the Crimea, they feature romantic descriptions of the oriental nature and culture of the East which show the despair of an exile longing for the homeland, driven from his home by a violent enemy. [114], Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, 38 out of the 46 Ukrainian Orthodox Church Kyiv Patriarchate parishes in Crimea ceased to exist; in three cases, churches were seized by the Russian authorities. which is highly dependent on Russian natural gas and requires the unanimous assent of 27 . most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south Natural Resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land Natural Hazards: NA [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. The Alma flows west to reach the Black Sea between Yevpatoria and Sevastopol. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. Pledge allegiance to Russia as an erstwhile Soviet state or open up to the West? [29] A 1997 treaty partitioned the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, allowing Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol, with the lease extended in 2010. The omission of the definite article in English ("Crimea" rather than "the Crimea") became common during the later 20th century. We simply do not know. In 2010, Russia negotiated an agreement that allows the country to share the all-important Sevastopol naval base through 2042, in exchange for deep discounts of about $40 billion on natural gas from Russia. Numerous Crimean Tatar villages, mosques, monasteries, and palaces of the Russian imperial family and nobles are found here, as well as picturesque ancient Greek and medieval castles. Not to be confused with, Russia underwent a series of political changes in the period of the raids. The agreement lets coastal nations claim what are known as exclusive economic zones that can extend up to 200 nautical miles (or 230 statute miles) from their shores. [48] The plains usually receive 300 to 400 millimetres (11.8 to 15.7in) of precipitation per year, increasing to 560 millimetres (22.0in) in the southern coast at sea level. In 1774, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by Catherine the Great with the Treaty of Kk Kaynarca making the Tatars of the Crimea politically independent. New York, Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. [35], There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role. The Black Sea-Crimean oil and gas province occupies the Black Sea depression with the Crimean peninsula, the Black and Azov seas. [48] Maritime influences from the Black Sea are restricted to coastal areas; in the interior of the peninsula the maritime influence is weak and does not play an important role. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the PonticCaspian steppe, which slope gently to the northwest from the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.
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