rajatarangini was translated into persian by

Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Established the city of. orders. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. university presses. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage A New Hoard and An Anomaly", Rajatarangini: The Saga of The Kings of Kasmir, Rajatarangini and the Making of India's Past, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=1121892347, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Killed in a battle with by Krishna's friends. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Translations. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? ). Sanskrit Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Report Error According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Corrections? . [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. The Loharas ruled for many generations. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. Son of Aksha. Jonaraja The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Check ' ' translations into Persian. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Verse 13. Nothing is known about his origin. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. The relative There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. [21] Even where the kings mentioned in the first three books are historically attested, Kalhana's account suffers from chronological errors. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. Rajatarangini belongs. for this article. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecrations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Verse 15. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. Feature Flags: { It is by late Vidwan T.K. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. The Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini was translated into Persian. Has data issue: true As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. Murdered by Radda. Published online by Cambridge University Press: For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Was this answer helpful? The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Turn on. Book II introduces a new line of kings not mentioned in any other authentic source, starting with Pratapaditya I and ending with Aryaraja. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. Sanskrit Literature in the Medieval India In 1380 C.E. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. [5] According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. Who translated Ramayana into Persian? | Indian History - Sawaal What is the best compliment to give to a girl? The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Verse 15. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? - ProfoundTips Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. Omissions? Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar. Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? - GKToday [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. 'Rajatharangini' review: A Sanskrit classic from Kashmir revisited in Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe 0 0 Similar questions Zianu-l Abidin of Kashmir deputed the famous Sanskrit scholar Jonaraja and Srivara for the completion of Rajatarangini to bring the history of Kashmir up-to-date. The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. His family ruled for many generations. Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. . Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. 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Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE.

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