an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation

), Differentiation between social groups (pp. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. Social identity theory (SIT) provides a framework for explaining intergroup behavior and intergroup communication based on the inherent value humans place on social group memberships, and their desire to view their specific social groups in a positive light. Both groups perceive the other to be of equal status in the situation (Cohen, 1982; Riordan and Ruggiero, 1980; Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). Who is this we? ), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. As a result, a number of researchers have proposed a host of additional conditions needed to achieve positive contact outcomes (e.g., Foster and Finchilescu, 1986) to the extent that it is unlikely that any contact situation would actually meet all of the conditions specified by the body of contact hypothesis researchers (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). De-escalation of intergroup conflict can occur in a spiral fashion. There are also a number of structural factors that can contribute to the intensity of the intergroup conflict. One example of distrust leading to intergroup conflict is the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. This can be at an individual level, such as when a person feels passed over for a promotion, or at the group level, such as when a minority group feels it has been discriminated against. Schofield, J. W., & Eurich-Fulcer, R. (2004). Psychological review, 105 (3), 499. Kanas, A., Scheepers, P., & Sterkens, C. (2015). ), Rediscovering social identity (pp. Bhm, R., Rusch, H., & Baron, J. Those who write, adopt, participate in or evaluate prejudice reduction programs are likely to have explicit or implicit informal theories about how prejudice reduction programs work. Initially, its main focus was on intergroup conflict and intergroup relations more broadly. By Charlotte Nickerson, published Nov 05, 2021. This could occur in a conflict including warfare among nations, strife between racial groups, controversies among scientists, and so on. BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. We identify the marginal behavioral effect of these norms on discount rates and risk aversion by measuring how laboratory subjects' choices change when an aspect of social identity is made salient. offered the first extensive field study of the effects of intergroup contact (1949). Intergroup bias: Status, differentiation, and a common in-group identity. These feelings of distrust can lead to a desire to distance oneself from the other or even to attack the other. by | Jun 3, 2022 | chrysler 300 won t shift gears | which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application? Additionally, large groups are more difficult to control and coordinate than small ones, making it harder for leaders to prevent or resolve disagreements (Fisher, 2000). Social Forces, 46(3), 359-366. doi:10.2307/2574883, Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). June 23, 2022 . A closer look at social discrimination in positive and negative domains. Jackson, J. W. (1993). Gordon Allport taught sociology as a young man in Turkey (Nicholson, 2003) but emphasized proximal and immediate causes and disregarded larger-level, societal causes of intergroup effects. Additionally, people from different groups may be unfamiliar with or even distrustful of each other, which can further contribute to conflict (Fisher, 2000). 33-47). Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). There are several types of beliefs that commonly lead to intergroup conflict. Renfro, C. L. (2002). About:The article was published on 2001-01-01 and is currently open access. 203 Blackfriars Road Long-Term Unemployment; Socio Psychological Counseling; Social Remediation; Professional Identity, Social Identification Dimensions as Mediators of the Effect of Prototypicality on Intergroup Behaviours, Endurance Analysis of Automotive Vehicles Door W/H System Using Finite Element Analysis, Hydrogen Bonds of C=S, C=Se and C=Te with C-H in Small-Organic Molecule Compounds Derived from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), A New Explanation of K. J. Arrows Impossibility Theorem: On Conditions of Social Welfare Functions, Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. Among these are the aggressor-defender, conflict-spiral, and structural change models. Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (1998). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. An integrative theory British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 221- Downloaded by [Brought to you by Unisa Library] at 23:47 10 July 2012 of intergroup conflict. There is, however, considerable debate about which entity or entities are . Works, E. (1961). Intergroup relations; out-group discrimination; social psychology of groups; group dynamics. Goal Interdependence and Interpersonal-personal Attraction in Heterogeneous Classrooms: a meta analysis, chapter in Miller N & Brewer MB Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation. Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Anderson, L., Snow, D. A., & Cress, D. (1994). Contact hypothesis was proposed by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) and states that social contact between social groups is sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice. The contact theory of racial integration: The case of sport. Charlotte Nickerson is a student at Harvard University obsessed with the intersection of mental health, productivity, and design. In-group love and out-group hate as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict: A new game paradigm. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Group processes: Dynamics within and between groups (2nd ed.). Following a resurgence of religion-related conflict and religiously motivated intolerance and violence and the 1999-2002 outbreak of sectarian violence in Ambon, Indonesia, between Christians and Muslims, researchers have become motivated to find ways to reduce acts of religiously motivated intolerance. The alternative to these approaches is represented in the work of Muzafer Sherif and his associates and their "realistic group conflict theory" (R.C.T.). Kanas, Scheepers, and Sterkens (2015) examined the relationship between interreligious contact and negative attitudes toward religious out-groups by conducting surveys of Christian and Muslim students in Indonesia and the Philippines. commitment, productivity, retention. The readings examine questions such as how organizations understand who they are, why organizations develop a sense of identity and belonging where the boundaries of identity lie and the implications of postmodern and critical theories' challenges to the concept of identity as deeply-rooted and authentic. Although some scholars emphasize that groups should be of equal status both prior to (Brewer and Kramer, 1985) and during (Foster and Finchilescu, 1986) a contact situation, research demonstrated that equal status could promote positive intergroup attitudes even when the groups initially differ in status (Patchen, 1982; Schofield and Rich-Fulcher, 2001). One such alienating situation is homelessness. Social Science Research Council Bulletin. In contrast, Forbes (1997) asserts that most social scientists implicitly assume that increased interracial/ethnic contact reduces tension between groups by giving each information about the other. Three possible reasons for the recognition his work still enjoys are proposed: its potential to generate theoretical and empirical controversies; its explanatory power; and the extent to which his work is used as a referential framework. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. Tajfel, H., and J. C. Turner. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Researchers have also criticized Allport for not specifying the processes involved in intergroup contacts effects or how these apply to other situations, the entire outgroup, or outgroups not involved in the contact (Pettigrew, 1998). There have been numerous conflict models that have emerged over time. As the world faces an array of increasingly pervasive and dangerous social conflicts--race riots, ethnic cleansing, the threat of terrorism, labor disputes, and violence against women, children, and the elderly, to name a few--the study of how groups relate has taken on a role of vital importance to our society. Social Psychology Quarterly, 131-136. LeVine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). Syntax; Advanced Search; New. Simply Scholar Ltd. 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, 2023 Simply Scholar, Ltd. All rights reserved, 2023 Simply Psychology - Study Guides for Psychology Students, Intergroup conflict: Individual, group, and collective interests, Constructive intergroup competition as a solution to the free rider problem: A field experiment, Intergroup relations: insights from a theoretically integrative approach. Harvard University. Google . All new items; Books; Journal articles; Manuscripts; Topics. The more incompatible the goals of the two groups are, the more likely it is that they will come into conflict with each other. Dangerous ideas: Five beliefs that propel groups toward conflict. H. Tajfel, J. C. Turner, "An integrative theory of intergroup conflict" in The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, W. G. Austin, S. Worchel, Eds. Social Darwinists such as William Graham Sumner (1906) believed that intergroup contact almost inevitably leads to conflict. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005). animals that live in ice caves. Tajfel, H. and Turner, J., 1979. Progress in Human Geography, 9(1), 99-108. The aim of this chapter is to present an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Aronson, E. (2002). Legislation, such as the civil-rights acts in American society, can also be instrumental in establishing anti-prejudicial norms (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. Some researchers have suggested that the inverse relationship between contact and prejudice still persists in situations that do not match Allports key conditions, albeit not as strong as when they are present (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved. The reduction of intergroup tensions: a survey of research on problems of ethnic, racial, and religious group relations. This study employed the integrated threat theory of intergroup attitudes to examine the attitudes of Black and White students toward the other racial group. However, empirical evidence suggests that this is only in certain circumstances. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Swann, W. B., Jr. (1983). Theory and practice, 166-184. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. In this thoroughly updated and expanded second edition, major international . Leadership, Social Identity and the Politics of Underdevelopment in Africa. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 178, 947-962. 10. . International journal of psychology, 35 (2), 136-144. Following these studies, Cornell University sociologist Robin Williams Jr. offered 102 propositions on intergroup relations that constituted an initial formulation of intergroup contact theory. Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology pp 17811783Cite as. Foster, D., & Finchilescu, G. (1986). Contact Hypothesis and Inter-Age Attitudes: A Field Study of Cross-Age Contact. Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals, Ginn & Co., New York, NY. Building empathy, compassion, and achievement in the jigsaw classroom. Nicholson, I. Chapter of an ed. Those in the age-integrated preschool (having daily contact with older adults) tended to hold positive attitudes toward older adults, while those without such contact tended to hold vague or indifferent attitudes. The contact hypothesis fundamentally rests on the idea that ingroups who have more interactions with a certain outgroup tend to develop more positive perceptions and fewer negative perceptions of that outgroup. Hogg, M. A., & Williams, K. D. (2000). Brophy, I. N. (1945). A fourth set of beliefs that can lead to intergroup conflict is distrust. an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation. 209-225): Elsevier. However, there is a critical need to "broaden and build" this line of work in order to better understand its limitations, generalizability, and underlying mediators and moderators . Pettigrew and Tropp (2005) conducted a 5-year meta-analysis on 515 studies (a method where researchers gather data from every possible study and statistically pool results to examine overall patterns) to uncover the overall effects of intergroup contact on prejudice and assess the specific factors that Allport identified as important for successful intergroup contact. When we make ethnic identity salient to Asian-American subjects, they make more patient choices. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29 (6), 463-478. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Expectation states and interracial interaction in school settings. 2009, International Journal of Psychology. Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. For example, groups that tend to feel anxiety and threat toward others tend to have less decreased prejudice when put in contact with other groups (Blair, Park, and Bachelor, 2003; Stephan et al., 2002). Posted on 1 second ago; June 24, 2022 . European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 534. All in all, Allports hypothesis neither reveals the processes behind the factors leading to the intergroup contact effect nor its effects on outgroups not involved in contact (Pettigrew, 1998). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict Henri Tajfel, John C. Turner 1 Institutions (1) 31 Dec 2000 - pp 33-47 About: The article was published on 2001-01-01 and is currently open access. Negro-white adjustment in America. This is because there are more potential sources of disagreement and more opportunities for people with different opinions to come into contact with each other. Correspondence to An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. The two countries distrusted each others motives and engaged in a long period of competition and tension that led to several crises, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis (Eidelson & Eidelson, 2003). Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U., & Christ, O. One such person to do so was Floyd Allport, who published The Nature of Prejudice in 1954. Johnson, D., Johnson, R., & Maruyama, G. (1984). In this conflict perspective, the initial source of friction may be consequential. Structural factors are features of the social environment that shape peoples interactions with each other (Fisher, 2000). Among these are the aggressor-defender, conflict-spiral, and structural change models. 33-47. In: JSTOR. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior, Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. Select your citation . Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. These findings were among the first to suggest that Allports contact hypothesis held relevance in intergroup contact beyond race relations (Caspi, 1984). The handbook of conflict resolution. This can be at an individual level, such as when a person feels threatened by someone else, or at the group level, such as when a country feels threatened by another countrys military buildup. BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Psychology of Education. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(2), 151-169. doi:10.1177/1368430203006002002. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Psychology, an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation. 183195). The result is an identification with a collective, depersonalized identity based on group membership and imbued with positive aspects (e.g., Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987). The application of attachment theory within intergroup contexts is novel and the positive results found by Mikulincer and Shaver are truly remarkable. In: JSTOR. Allport, G. W. (1955). ), The social psychology of inter-group relations (pp. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. Identity and cooperative social behavior: Pseudospeciation or human integration? An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In Improving academic achievement (pp. ), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 60, 110 . Erev, I., Bornstein, G., & Galili, R. (1993). Google Scholar. Another important factor is composition. This intergroup cooperation encourages positive relations between the groups. This thesis examines intergroup factors that may prevent a successful organisational merger. Your Bibliography: Turner, J., 1982. Includes work by: Stuart Albert, Mats Alvesson, Blake E. Ashforth, Marilynn B. 2013. Young people who migrate to another country, especially in the context of forced migration, must face complex and lengthy challenges. Uncertainty and Risk EARTHSCAN RISK IN SOCIETY SERIES Series editor: Ragnar E. Lfstedt Facility Siting Risk, Power and Identity in Land-Use Planning Edited by sa Boholm and Ragnar E. Lfstedt Hazards, Vulnerability and Environmental Justice Susan L. Cutter The Perception of Risk Paul Slovic Risk Governance Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World Ortwin Renn Risk, Media and Stigma . First, however, this approach to intergroup behavior and intergroup conflict is set in context in relation to other approaches to the same problems. 120 teachers (Mage=24.00, SD=3.71, 88% female) evaluated a hypothetical exclusion scenario in which, Cette these etudie limpact des degradations de symboles nationaux sur les relations intergroupes et les dimensions psycho-sociales (identification et patriotismes) pouvant le moduler. has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Leadership, Social Identity and the Politics of Underdevelopment in Africa http://www.bbcprisonstudy.org/resources.php?p=59, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bgarc9vSj5I, Grenoble Ecole de Management and Insper Institute for Education and Research, 12 Rue Pierre Semard, 38000, Grenoble, France, You can also search for this author in Allports intergroup contact hypothesis: Its history and influence. These models of conflict escalation can act either exclusively or in concert with each other. 2.3k. Furthermore, and particularly in intergroup conflict contexts, being harmed by outgroups additionally contributes to perceptions of outgroup immorality (Martijn et al., 1992). In this view, one group sees the other as an aggressor. Cooper, J., & Fazio, R. H. (1986). SHARES. Hardin, R. (1995). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. Subscribe now and start your journey towards a happier, healthier you. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. They may gain a stake in perpetuating hostilities so that they will not lose their power and privileges to civilian authorities (Rusch & Gavrilets, 2020). This is because each group will be trying to achieve its own goals while simultaneously trying to prevent the other group from achieving its goals. These studies ranged from the 1940s to the year 2000 and represented responses from 250,493 individuals across 38 countries. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds. 77100). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. This view comes with one major caveat, however: not all conflicts last long enough that they can bring about major institutional changes. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. (1945). The theoretical orientation outlined here is intended not to replace the R.C.T., but to supplement it in some respects that seem essential for an adequate social psychology of intergroup conflictparticularly as the understanding of the psychological aspects of social change cannot be achieved without an appropriate analysis of the social psychology of social conflict. It has received 13201 citation(s) till now. (2000). Social Dominance Theory and Religion. There are numerous models that attempt to explain the emergence and persistence of intergroup conflict. | Jun 3, 2022 | chrysler 300 won t shift gears | which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application? Allports testable formulation of the Contact Hypothesis has spawned research using a wide range of approaches, such as field studies, laboratory experiments, surveys, and archival research. Ranging from theoretical contributions to empirical studies, the readings in this volume address the key issues of organizational identity, and show how these issues have developed through contributions from such diverse fields of study as sociology, psychology, management studies and cultural studies. Stephan, W. G., Boniecki, K. A., Ybarra, O., Bettencourt, A., Ervin, K. S., Jackson, L. A., . Social comparison and group interest in intergroup favoritism. has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Socio Psychological Counseling: How to Manage Identities? From a psychological point of view, the main challenges of migration are the re-signification of one's identity, the re-establishment of one's own life in the new country, and facing different social and institutional challenges as well as individual . VIEWS. These feelings of injustice can lead to a desire for revenge or retribution. Philippe Castel, Brigitte Minondo-Kaghad, Marie-Franoise Lacassagne, KEYWORDS: Theoretical approach to intra- and intergroup life emphasizing the importance of positive group distinctiveness (i.e., favorable comparisons to other groups). A content analysis across five journals. Kramer, B. M. (1950). Although meta-analyses, such as Pettigrew and Tropps (2005) show that there is a strong association between intergroup contact and decreased prejudice, whether or not Allports four conditions hold is more widely contested. Tajfel, H., Flament, C., Billig, M., & Bundy, R. (1971). An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. The United States justified the invasion by claiming that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction that could be used to attack the United States or its allies (Eidelson & Eidelson, 2003). Turner, J. C., Brown, R. J., & Tajfel, H. (1979). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In this paper I address this gap by making two moves . The article focuses on the topic (s): Realistic conflict theory & Common ingroup identity. Levels of collective identity and self representations. Leadership, Politics, Social Identity, Development, African States, JOURNAL NAME: The importance of contact in determining attitudes toward Negroes. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 31, pp.304-326. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors. Interracial housing: A psychological evaluation of a social experiment: U of Minnesota Press. The weak links may exist because researchers have not always examined identification with the type of group that is most relevant for predicting action. Like many out-groups, homeless people are more visible than they once were because of their growth in number as well as extensive media and policy coverage. The smallest contact effects happened between those with and without mental and physical disabilities (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). and the housing studies in The Nature of Prejudice. Lett, H. A. holistic dentist lancaster pa; average shot put distance for middle school girl. In: New York: Academic Press. This often leads to a sense of entitlement and a desire to protect that heritage from contamination by outsiders. Smith, E. R. (1999). International journal of intercultural relations, 35(3), 271-280. Favouritism towards own group is hypothesized to arise from intergroup comparisons to enhance self-esteem as well as instrumental rivalry for group and self-interest. The present study provides an empirical examination of Tajfels contribution to intergroup research over the last 30 years via a citation analysis of five journals: the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the British Journal of Social Psychology, the European Journal of Social Psychology, the South African Journal of Psychology, and the German Journal of Social Psychology (Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie). Meanwhile, the conflict-spiral model contends that conflict breeds conflict. In fact, according to newer theoretical approaches, there are negative factors that can even subvert the way that contact normally reduces prejudice (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). European Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 187204. Meanwhile, intergroup conflict occurs between teams that most often have adversarial goals, such as between warring nations or competing companies (Eidelson & Eidelson, 2003). European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149178. in interesting facts about sam houston. Identity, influence, and change: Rediscovering John Turner's vision for social psychology, Prospects for Group Processes and Intergroup Relations Research: A Review of 70 Years' Progress, Social categorization and power differentials in group relations, From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of Social Identity Theory, We are still better than them: A longitudinal field study of ingroup favouritism during a merger, Social Psychological Research: The Comparison of Four Journals, Lock et al. One for all: The logic of intergroup conflict. For that reason, the theory was originally referred to as the social identity theory of intergroup relations. an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation. Research on group identification has shown it to be a surprisingly weak predictor of intentions to take large-scale social action. "Ingroup love" and "outgroup hate" in intergroup conflict between natural groups. The theory of evolution by natural selection is, perhaps, the crowning intellectual achievement of the biological sciences. This view of human nature was later echoed by many other theorists, including Freud and Darwin. All Categories; Metaphysics and Epistemology Intergroup conflict has a number of aggravating factors, such as group size, group composition, goal incompatibility, dependence, and structural factors. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. However, rather than focusing on the initial cause of the conflict, the conflict-spiral model describes the dynamic, interactive process by which individuals or groups find themselves caught in an upward spiral of hostilities (Rusch & Gavrilets, 2020). In a single chapter of his book, The Nature of Prejudice, Gordon Allport (1955) attempts to address the question of what happens when groups interact through his intergroup contact hypothesis.. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict Author (s) Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. Social Identification Dimensions as Mediators of the Effect of Prototypicality on Intergroup Behaviours, Endurance Analysis of Automotive Vehicles Door W/H System Using Finite Element Analysis, Hydrogen Bonds of C=S, C=Se and C=Te with C-H in Small-Organic Molecule Compounds Derived from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), A New Explanation of K. J. Arrows Impossibility Theorem: On Conditions of Social Welfare Functions, Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. 3347). In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds. The aggressor is seen as motivated by evil and illegitimate aims, while the one being aggressed upon by noble, morally correct, and legitimate motivations. Jones, S. C. (1973). Contact hypothesis was proposed by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) and states that social contact between social groups is sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice. Producing equal-status interracial interaction: A replication. Intergroup conflict is a major factor that affects group-level movement patterns and space use and ultimately shapes the evolution of group living and sociality (Hewstone & Greenland, 2000). Social Identity Theory (SIT; Tajfel, 1978; Tajfel & Turner, 1979) begins with the premise that individuals define their own identities with regard to social groups and that such identifications work to protect and bolster self-identity. Messick, D. M., & Mackie, D. M. (1989). This book is of particular value because it provides important insights into Tajfel's thinking and growth as a scholar throughout this process, and how this research, spanning decades, eventually evolved into what becomes known as social identity theory. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Jacques, K. and Taylor, P., 2009. Techniques for achieving interracial cooperation. In: W. Austin and S. Worchel, ed.. Turner, J., 1982. Your Bibliography: Jacques, K. and Taylor, P., 2008. Although originally studied in the context of race and ethnic relations, the contact hypothesis has applicability between ingroup-outgroup relations across religion, age, sexuality, disease status, economic circumstances, and so on.

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